p.245, Translated by Renata Singer

Chapter 13.   Literature: Books and Writers

Among the tasks that Haynt set itself in spreading culture, the awakening of the Jewish masses to a knowledge of Yiddish books was a  priority.  The newspaper strived to bind the Jewish masses to Yiddish literature and her creators and allotted them a great deal of space.  As soon as it was financially feasible, famous writers were invited to contribute to Haynt.  Sholem Aleichem's published his novels and short stories and I.L. Peretz wrote articles on current affairs, short stories, sketches and poems.  Dovid Frishman, H.D. Nomberg, and Z.Vendraf, published feature articles and travel pieces in Haynt.  Sometimes pieces by a number of serious writers were published  next to each other in one edition.  Among the significant group of writers published in Haynt before the First World War were Menakhem Baraysha, Z. Segalovitsh, Aleksander Parba, S.Prug (1860-1916) and Avrom (1978-1953) and Soreh Reyzin (1885-1974).

Sholem Aleichem (1859-1916) became involved with Haynt in 1911.  He published the novel The Bloody Hoax, "Letters from Menakhem-Mendl to his wife Sheyne-Sheyndl", "From the Fair", and a number of stories and comic pieces.  For the Erev Yontev editions he wrote stories on themes to suit. 

Years later I. D. Berkovitsh (1885-1967) alleged that S.I. Jackan, the founder and editor of Haynt, had renamed the novel with the more sensational The Bloody Hoax, when Sholem Aleykhem had titled it The Big Hoax.

Nekhemye Finkelstein categorically denied Berkovitsh's allegation.  In the Haynt Commemorative  Book, 1908-1938 he wrote (p10): "…No-one, not even Jackan, would have allowed themselves to change anything by Sholem Aleichem, not a word or even a single letter.  Sholem Aleichem was very pedantic about details.  He was not lazy about sending half a dozen notes and oft times a telegram, when he later noticed that a word or a certain expression in the already published manuscript was not as it should be. 

p.246

I remember the story about the name The Bloody Hoax perfectly well.  All the mail went through my hands and I was the first to read the note from Sholem Aleichem to Jackan in which Sholem Aleichem outlined various titles for his new novel and suggested that as Jackan was a master at giving titles, he should choose a better title and inform Sholem Aleichem immediately so that he could confirm the choice.  At the time that I was giving Jackan this very note, another co-worker was also in my office and Jackan asked him what title he would give a novel where the plot involved a "blood libel" and the co-worker (who, if I remember rightly, was our distinguished A.L. Yakubovitsh) gave it this title. The title appealed to Jackan and Sholem Aleichem telegraphed through his approval."

Well that's the story according to Nekhemye Finkelstein.  But that wasn't the end of the matter.  In 1954 A.L. Yakubovitsh, in a letter to Moyshe Grosman, denied that he had chosen the title The Bloody Hoax.  In the second volume of "From a near past" he writes (p66) "…I don't believe that Sholem Aleichem was likely  to take advice about titles from Jackan.  Sholem Aleichem would be up in arms if Jackan wanted to change even any little thing.  And this would be even more so if Jackan wanted to give other titles to anything he wrote."  All four: Sholem Aleichem, Nekhemye Finkelstein, I.D. Berkovitsh and A.L. Yakubovitsh are long dead.  It is doubtful whether the disagreement about who gave the title The Bloody Hoax to one of the greatest works in Yiddish literature will ever be resolved.

The first appearance of I.L Peretz (1852-1915) in Haynt in 1912 was a a notable event in Yiddish literary circles, which "literally hit like a thunder-bolt among Peretz's friends and followers," as Dr Mukduny (1878-1958) wrote in "Itzhak Leybish Peretz and the Yiddish Theater" (p21).  Peretz disliked Jackan's writing and accused him of introducing  the "Yellow Press" to Jews.   Jackan, on his side, held that Peretz's style was not suited for a mass audience.  (See S. Niger. "I.L.Peretz", footnote p506).  Even during the time that he was being published in Haynt, Peretz didn't desist from criticizing Jackan.

p.247

He declared this publicly at  a pre-election meeting during the elections for the Fourth "Duma" [1] and Jackan in no way tried to hide this from the readers.  In Haynt number 224 of the 1st of October 1912 under the heading, "I.L.Peretz Speaks at the JewishYiddish election meeting" it is noted that Peretz began his talk with: "I, for example, who am no assimilationist, have my own "My Nook"[2] in Haynt and am opposed to Jackan."  I.L. Peretz used to individually subtitle the articles in "My Nook", though there were also some he published without their own subtitles.  The articles in "My Nook" were numbered with Roman letters.  After Number 39 Peretz created the heading "My Nook" and no longer numbered the articles.

The fact that Peretz used the general heading "My Nook" is often cited as showing that he used this to emphasize that he had nothing to do with the other material published in "Haynt."  But it's hard to accept this explanation.  As shown above, Peretz did not print all his articles under the heading "My Nook.".  Secondly, his articles and literary works were not in any way visually or typographically differentiated from other material in the newspaper.  On the contrary, his pieces were given an especially respected place on the "mirror-page" of the third or fifth page, where they were placed alongside the works of his colleagues.  If at the election-meeting I.L. Peretz remarked that in Haynt he had his own "Nook", this is likely to have been a rhetorical point, rather than a statement of fact.

Peretz wrote long detailed articles, rarely less than 160 lines, often taking up a half a page.  There was little difference between his subject matter and that of other Haynt writers.  He was topical, polemical, argumentative, full of temperament.  Just like the others, he commented on cultural problems, Polish-Jewish relations, fought against the assimilationists, wrote about the elections for the Fourth "Duma" and afterwards about anti-Jewish boycotts.  In all these he remained true to the philosophy, and moral and ethical maxims of his literary works].  A great master wrote these articles, overflowing with Torah,  fables, Hassidic quibbles, allusions, explanations.   Often he wrote with humor, using folk anecdotes, sometimes he was bitingly ironic in his criticism of people and events.

p.248

I. L. Peretz did not only write about current events in Haynt.  He also published  a number of stories, comic pieces and sketches.

In Pesakh 1913, in Number 87, Haynt published the translation of "Khad Gadya"  prefixed with the attribution, "Parody by I.L. Peretz.  And on Erev Shevues of the same year, in Number 123, Haynt published "Akdomes" with the somewhat shortened attribution: "freely parodized" by I.L. Peretz".  It's worth adding that the text of "Khad Gadya" in Haynt is the only remaining version of the work.  (See I.L. Peretz. Complete Works, Vol 10. P23) 

The following works were originally published by Peretz  in Haynt: Folk and Hassidic Comic Tales. 1.  The Party to End All Parties (Simkhe B'simkhe) in Number 246 of the 8th of November 1912.

A Khanuka Lamp in Number 272 of the 9th of December 1912: The Apron (A  Comic Folktale) published in two parts in Numbers 46 and 47 of the 7th and 9th of March, 1913;

On  a Seder Night (A Warsaw Humoresque) published Erev Pesakh 1913, in Number 84.

Between Thought and Poetry 1, in Number 102 of the 16th of May 1913 (not noted in the index of the 18th volume of the Work of I.L. Peretz, put out by Klezkin Publishing in Vilna).

The first and last of the pieces outlined above were apparently planned as a series of works.  Both have the number 1 but no other numbers in the series were published in Haynt.

In 1912, in number 138 of June 28th, Haynt announced a new feature, "From the Bookshelf" edited by I.L. Peretz.  In a footnote to this annoucement we read, "In this column …. all new Yiddish books will be recorded and reviewed and authors are asked to send in their work."  The style suggests that this anouncement was written by Jackan.  This section didn't appear regularly and was published in only four editions: June 28th, July 30th, November 8th  1912 and January 10th 1913.

The reviews were succint, not more than a few lines, but give us an idea of what Peretz thought, particularly of the writers of the younger generation.  Here I'll only mention three.  About Ansky's "Jewish Legends": "Ansky tells his stories intelligently, courteously and good-heartedly. He loves everyone and everything.  The depictions, just like almost everything else in Yiddish literature, are based on the life of the only just gone past."

p.249

 About Meylekh Ravitsh's "On the Threshold"  " A new, almost unknown name…his theme… Jewish nostalgia.  He has a hearty tone, with some successful expressions and word-rhymes, but he hasn't found that inner individual rhythm which is the main thing for an original poet.  Ravitsh is still young, it's hard to say what is yet to come from him.  Let him meanwhile grow."  About the poem "In Kazimiez" by Z. Segalovitsh: "The poet is young, the breath of youth hovers over the whole book… His Maytime is fresh, succulent… The May song makes him tired and after a wakeful May night he longs for sleep.  Daybreak is coming.  Day time, as is well known, is not for young poets.

On the 1st of January 1915 I.L. Peretz published in Haynt a long appeal about gathering materials for the history of the Jews during the Great War.  Other newspapers were asked to reprint this appeal. Among other things it states:

"…We turn to our people …man and woman, young and old, who live and suffer, and see and hear – with the appeal: become historians yourselves.  Don't leave yourselves in strange hands.  Write down, note down and gather!  See that nothing is lost, overlooked or forgotten about all we went through in our lives because of this war.  We hope, that our appeal won't just be a voice in scholarship but that it sounds a resonant call in each Jewish heart and will bring about the activity that we hope for.

As well as I.L.Peretz the appeal was supported by Yakov Denison (1856-1919) and S.Ansky (1863-1920)

It is worthwhile mentioning that the fact that I.L. Peretz was the director of the section "From the Booktable" in Haynt and also the appeal togather materials for the Jewish War-History is little known and not noted among literary-historians and librarians.  In 1952 Dina Abramovitsh in "YIVO-bleter" Volume 36 (p344-351) observed this, where the above noted reviews and appeal were reproduced.

There were not a lot of Yiddish prose writers or poets whose work did not appear in the pages of Haynt.  In the materials which I assembled for this monograph there were almost 60 names of respected writers who regularly, or sporadically, wrote for Haynt, or whose work was printed in our publishing house "Yehudes" (Judith) and were became widely distributed as prizes.

p.250

Many of these writers published their first creations in Haynt, and many became well known as novelists and poets.

We can see what a respected place Yiddish literature had in the newspaper from one fact alone: in the Haynt Commemorative Book 1908-1938 literature takes up more than a third of the space.  And we should remember to compliment the Haynt readers who lovingly took up the creations of modern Yiddish literature that their newspaper so generously made accessible.    

Haynts" book prizes made a very important contribution to the spread of the Yiddish printed word.  The publishing house "Yehudes" printed the work of Yiddish writers and translated world literature, religious books and scientific books into Yiddish,.  All were sold cheaply, and also distributed as prizes, and went out in thousands of copies to wherever there was a Yiddish community.  The attachment to the Yiddish book that Haynt cultivated among its readers, also had a practical outcome.  Writers and publishers knew that the reader of Haynt would not only read a book, but would splurge on a good book for his home library.  A mention in Haynt, especially Erev-Pesakh or Erev Sukhes,  helped to disseminate a new work.   

In 1924, first of all of the Yiddish press, Haynt introduced a literature section that came out every Friday.  It was called "From the Book World" – a whole page with original articles, local news, bibliographical notes and other materials about Yiddish literature, Yiddish books, and Yiddish authors. The editor of this section was the literary historian and critic Nakhman Mayzil (1887-1966). The first Friday "From the Book World" was published in Haynt became a significant date for Jewish cultural life in Poland, and a great achievement for those Yiddish cultural doers for whom Yiddish literary creation was not mere empty words but a part of their spiritual life. All at once the Yiddish book and the Yiddish writer, their problems and concerns were given a place of honor.  The Haynt reader, and Jewish public opinion, responded warmly to this new addition and in a while the other Yiddish newspapers in Warsaw copied Haynts" initiative and also introduced literary sections.

p.251

Sholem Ash (1880-1957) began writing in Haynt in 1914.  He was already a successful writer with a name in the wider world with his work  translated into foreign languages and his plays performed on the European stage.  The day that Haynt published something of Ash's for the first time, on the 17th (30th) of January 1914[3] there was a notice to readers on the front page stating that: "From today the famous fiction writer and dramatist Sholem Ash begins contributing to Haynt .  The name Ash is well known beyond the Jewish world as on of its best artists."

   Several years prior to this, in 1908, Ash had become entangled in a saga about the burial of a non-circumcized child in the Warsaw cemetery.  The Rabbinate wouldn't allow the child to be buried unless he was first circumcized,  but the father didn't want this done.  A great scandal broke out and the discussion was bitter and passionate.  The left-wingers together with the free thinkers sided with the father.  Sholem Ash also supported the father and publicly protested against the "Frumakes".  We find in Haynt of that period articles and local news notes sharply criticizing the radicals.  The debate was picked up by the anti-semitic press which condemned the 'barbaric" Jews for their "primitive customs".  It took six years before Haynt and Sholem Ash forgave each other.  An allusion to the fight, that had created more than enough bad blood, can be found in the second half of the notice about Ash's appearance in Haynt:  "There was once a moment when a certain publication of Ash's provoked chagrin in us, but that was a single episode.  Since then many years have passed in which Ash has written many works that have brought honor and attention to Jewish name."

Ash's first publication was the short story, "The Academy. A Father's Monologue", about a rich Jew whose three sons all attended university.

In May 1914 Ash traveled to Israel for the first time and from there sent Haynt his impressions.  After the ninth article this series of impressions was abandoned because of the War.

p.252

After the war Sholem Ash renewed writing for Haynt.  This was announced to the readers in a big notice on the front page of number 123 of the 29th of May 1919.  From then on his work was regularly published in Haynt before it came out in book form.  Generally his novels were serialized in 20 or 24 weekly parts that were published on Friday and often also on Sunday.  When a novel ended he used to sometimes send in a smaller story.  

In 1938 came the serious conflict with Ash: Haynt refused to publish "The Man from Nazareth", the first of the Jesus trilogy, which Ash wrote in that critical Nazi-period for the Jewish people.  On top of this he treated the theme according to the strict Catholic version, which is not even adhered to by  a siginificant part of the Christian world.  Ash protested, wrote letters, threatened to leave, but "The Man from Nazareth" was never published in "Haynt."  Only specific pages of the long manuscript were used in the Haynt Commemorative Book 1908-1938 under the circumspect title, "Chapter from a New Novel."

Israel Joshua Singer (1893-1944) regularly appeared in Haynt from 1932.  "Yashe Kalb" was the first novel the newspaper printed after the long strike (see Chapter 19) and the choice couldn't have been  better.  From the first chapter readers were captivated by the unusual theme, the artistic portrayals, and the dramatic development of I.J. Singer's novel.   Religious Jews moved heaven and earth and applied terror-tactics to coerce Haynt into stopping its printing but Haynt did not not give in.

In 1933 Singer and his family suffered a tragedy.  Their boy Yacob died suddenly of a lung inflammation.  The despairing parents decided to emigrate to America, where  I.J. Singer's brother, the writer Isaac Bashevis Singer (1904-    ) also later settled.  I.J. Singer did not sever his association with Haynt.   From New York he sent his three monumental novels, "The Brothers Ashkenazi", "Comrade Nakhman",  "The Family Karnovski" and other works.

Itzik Manger (1901-1969) printed poems and a famous series of humorous songs in Haynt.  Just as in the case of "Yashe Kalb," religious Jews couldn't comprehend the poetry of Itzik Manger.  The newspaper was once again flooded with protest letters against blasphemy, and threats and demands to not print any more poems.

p.253

The management of the co-operative "Alt-Nay" and the editorial-committee asked none other than B.Yushzan, a deeply religious man, for an opinion,.  He said that one shouldn't take any notice of the protests.  The poems continued to be printed.

In the short stories  Efrayim Kaganovski (1893-1953) published in Haynt, he told of "proste" people: porters, butcher's boys, heavies, and thieves .  When he wasn't writing about the underworld, he wrote of the poor -  those who struggled with poverty their whole lives, mothers with many children without a father, lonely grandmothers, helpless Jews without a means of making a living whowere without hope that their luck would improve – people without a today and without a tomorrow. 

The readers responded very  positively to his series: "Stavke Alley". This was a narrow, unkempt back alley in the heart of impoverished Jewish Warsaw.  Here were the "hideouts" and hangouts of thieves and fences, and where dirty business took place between the underworld and the corrupt police.  Kaganovski knew this "alley" through and through. In other stories he wrote about desperate mothers, who saw no possible outcome for their spinster daughters, those quiet, cheerless, faded ones who no longer even dreamed about getting married.  Or he wrote about the cheap flamboyant "Pannes" (ladies) and their jaunty "Patzetn" (dandies) with shady  livelihoods. Kaganovski didn't write any long stories.  He couldn't be talked into writing a novel but he was the born master of brief short stories, sketches, vignettes.

Kaganovski alternated his stories of the Jewish poor and the underworld with memories of I.L. Peretz.  He wrote about Peretz in the way a student wrote about a beloved Rabbi.  He always had something to tell that was not well known outside the narrow circle of Peretz's intimates.

Efrayim Kaganovski used to come into Haynt once a week, usually Wednesday morning, with his manuscript for the Friday edition. Always smiling with a cigarette in his mouth,he would lightly slip into the editorial offices.   He liked good clothes and knew how to dress well.  But more than anything else he loved the soldier's clothing in which he appeared for the first time in the editorial office on his return to Warsaw from Russia after the first World War.  He wores these clothes for years thereafter.  Fitted out in a leather jacket, jodpurs and with polished boots that shone out from under the long jacket, and with a cap on his head, he looked just like a regular lad, a yat.

p.254

Moyshe Gros-Tzimerman generally worked in the role of Viennese Correspondent.  But he didn't restrict himself to writing about the "kires".[4]  He also wrote articles and essays on general topics about literature and community events in Western Europe.

Born into a Hassidic family in Barislav, Moyshe Gros studied in kheders and in the house of study in  Drohobicz.  At the age of 17 he went to Vienna for further study.  The Yiddish language that he brought with him lost none of its heymish warmth with Gros-Tzimerman's Europeanization in Vienna.  His style was elegant and polished and the content always interesting.  His writing was sprinkled with brilliant observations by a reporter with a sharp eye for contemporary events.  His deep scholarship and subtle Galicianer folk humor - quiet and good-natured -  gave a unique charm to his writing.  On the memorial evening for the Yiddish Press in Tel-Aviv on February 28th 1966 Gros-Tzimerman wryly described his work at Haynt.

Shmul-Yakob Imber brought to Haynt one of the most original lyricists of Eastern Galicia.  As well as poetry and discussions about literature he wrote articles about anti-semites and anti-semitism.  He also published a large number of articles on these topics in Polish.  Shmul-Yakob Imber seems to have been killed in 1942 at the age of 52. The actual date and circumstances of his death are not known. 

A second poet of Eastern Galicia much favored by the readers of Haynt was Ber Horovitz.  A son of village Jews he introduced the readers to a totally new world of the Galicianer mountain Jews.  In the editorial offices he often told us stories about the toiling Carpathian Jews, their traditions and customs.  This came out of him like a kind of oral verse that he transposed into writing in his poems.  He was a talented artist and many of his drawings and cartoons were published in Haynt.  He was killed in 1942 at the age of 47.  The exact circumstances are not known.

p.255

Zusman Segalovitsh (1885-1949) probably began writing in Haynt before the First World War.  In May and July 1914 he published two short stories "Chopping Wood"  and "A Drowned One".   When he came back to Warsaw after the war he reconnected with Haynt and and wrote for many years for the newspaper. 

Z.Segalovitsh was one of the most popular writers of fiction in Poland.  He depicted love, passion and sexual jealousy -  the life of the "golden young".  His heroes were city folk.  The action moves fast and mostly takes place in Warsaw cafes, or the salons of the Jewish plutocracy in Lodz, the city where Segalovitsh began writing as a poet and short story writer, or in Bialystok where he was born.  Women dominate his fiction – domineering, elegant, charming, and beautiful, and the plots turn on their loves, intrigues, gossip, and their hunt for men.

When he didn't have a novel ready, he published short sketches, stories and memoirs about the romantic times at the beginning of the century when Jewish youth believed that the liberation movement in Russia would bring salvation for the Jews.  Many of his short stories were based on memories of Odessa, Crimea and the Caucasus, where he lived during the First World War and his experiences in the Czarist Army in which he served for a short time.  In other short stories he wrote about Jews in the township of  Kazimiez on the Vistula, about the Tatra Mountains and Zakopane, or about birds, especially doves.  He wrote contemputously about the "shmendrikes", as he called those young Jews who made efforts to assimilate, speak Polish, and conceal their Jewishness.  His success with the reading public, most of all with the weaker sex was enormous.  There is no doubt that Segalovitsh appealed to thousands of young and not so young women and men who would otherwise never have looked into a Yiddish book.

Segalovitsh's work came out in book form in very large print runs.  In the lending-libraries his books were borrowed more than that of any other author.  But despite all this he wasn't happy.  His wife, the dramatic actress Klara Segalovitsh (1896-1942) left him.  He stayed single.  Tall, thin, he was a misanthrope by nature.  In society he knew

p.256, Translated by Mary Rosenburg

Sakalovitch was always sitting sideways in his chair, not taking his pip'e out of his mouth, and not saying a word. Sagalaovitch always complained that he has no luck, that the world doesn't understand him, that writers are jealous of his success with the readers. It hurt him that the critics don't give. him enough respect, don't appreciate his talent, treat him like a second-rate writer.

In 1930, Sagalovitch, in addition to his literary work, began to bring in editorial current-event articles. But "Haint" did not have any need for his articles and requested a novel, as their agreement called for. Sagalovitch became angry and went over to "Moment." There he became bitterly disappointed. He was very unhappy with the atmosphere at "Moment," and he came back to "Haint." But the editorial committee and the cooperative management, "Old-New," refused his offer. Never- theless, he never gave up his efforts. In "Haint" Anniversary Book 1908-1938 is printed his longer novella, "A Day and a Night (84-88). Later, he had an opportunity to publish a novel. In the 30's, published novelists were Yiruchmiel Green (killed by the Germans in Lemberg), Shmian Arantchik (committed suicide while running from Warsaw in the early days of the War), and Herschel Raven (killed by the Germans in Vilna). When the novel, "The Weaver of Kalamai" by Yiruchmiel Green, was about to be finished, we received from Sakalovitch a story, "Life is Cheaper," which was published just before the War. That was the last story that "Haint" published.

During WWII, Sagalovitch came to Israela He wandered from Covneh over Soviet-Russia" Bulgaria, Turkey, and Syria. After the War, He came to New York and wrote a book, "My Seven Years in Tel Aviv."

B.H. Raize (1864-1933) became known as a writer when he was already sixty-years old. During the Russian era until the Revolution, he was a traveling salesman ( ) in Siberia and other far-flung places of the Russian Empire, and had a slight interest in literature"

p.257

Actually, the "Haint" readers discovered his writings from the Siberians Jews. Even the first novel, "The Copper King," had made a great impression with its lifelike writings of Jewish lif~in the far-flung places of the Russian Empire, about which the Yiddish reader in Poland had slight knowledge. "Memories of a Nayundik" and other various stories had great success. Raize had for a long time published in "Forward" stories and critical and educational articles. He wrote some theatre pieces, some of which were produced in Yiddish theatres.

"Haint" helped the former criminal Yurke Nachalnik to become a writer and to take his place in Yiddish literature. In the prison for hardened criminals in Rafitz (Poisner region) where Yurke Nachalnik -his name was Isaac Farberovitz - stayed a sentence of eight years as an adjudged recidivistt a thief, and a housebreaker. He was noticed by the prison psychologistt Stanislaw Kavalski. By some happenstancet Yurke Nachalnik showed him a novel that he had written in prison in Polish. The psychologist became excited.. He saw that he had before him not an uneducated man but a man with an above-average writing talent. He began to lobby that a message be sent to the president of Poland that Nachalnik should be pardoned. And that's the way it happened. His first writing, memories of his criminal life, was written in Polisht with commentaries by a professor from Poisner University, Stefan Blachovski. This book made a big hit in the Polish literary world and was soon taken up by the Christians. "Haint" had the "Memories" printed by its establishment. They were a sensation with the readers. Yurke Nachalnik's later novels were printed in the "Today's News," the popular news- paper that "Haint" published. Yurke Nachalnik remained in prison seventeen years. The first time he was imprisoned he was barely nineteen years old. The writer's career made a new man of Yurke. (Yurke in the Underworld in Poland is the signature of a thief. They called him Nachalnik for his nerve and daring in his criminal career.) He gave up sinning and took up residence in his own house in Otvatskt, near Warsaw. During the Nazi Occupation, he organized a sabotage group in the Otvatsk forest. The Germans caught him and tortured him to reveal the names of the others in his group. But he did not reveal anyone and was killed in 1940 at the age of 43.

Together with the work of prose writers, Haynt often printed the works of poets. In the first jubalee book that Haynt had given out in 1928 to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the newspaper, were printed songs and poems by Menachem Borejsha, Moishe Broderson, Uri-Zvi Greenberg (1894- ), Avrom Zak (1891- ), Z. Sagalovitch, Itzchak Katzenalson. In the second jubalee book, which came out in 1938 for the 30th anniversary, we find the poetic works by Miriam Aleanjover (1890-1944), Sh. E. Amber, Menachem Borejsha, Moishe Broderson , Herschelle M. Goldman, M.M. Horowitz, Hershelle, (1880-1941), A. Sutzkaver (1913- ), E. Paplemikov (1899-),- Alexander Farba (1889-1941), Chiam Laeb Fuchs (1908- ), Itzchak Katzenalson, Moishe Shimel (1903-1942), and N. Shtemberg. On the side of literature, "From the Book World" there were often printed songs by the above and other poets and from young beginners who have in Haynt made their first steps.